Literature

Helen Marcoyannopoulou Fojas, M.D.

Office Address: Alopekis 34, Athens 106 75, GREECE

Tel. No.: + 30 210 –724 6813, +30 210 666 6491

Fax: +30 210-666 6491

Doctor of Medicine, University of Geneva.

Trained in Cardiology under Professor Pierre Duchosal, University of Geneva and Dr. Paul Wood, London, England (Brompton Hospital and National Institute of Cardiology.

She was a recipient of Alice Hamilton Fellowship from the US based International Federation of University Women. She was awarded a grant to do research on Vascular Haemodynamics. When she was already a Registrar Cardiologist at the Brompton Hospital, with the close cooperation of the late Dr. Paul Wood, she introduced an original method for Pulse Wave Velocity, an indirect way of determining the elasticity of the arterial wall for the early diagnosis of arteriosclerosis. This method used the left external carotid and the left dorsalis pedis arteries as the “central” and “peripheral” points respectively, inspired by the famous physiologist Professor Winger who emphasized the importance of determining the Pulse Wave Velocity in the “whole arterial tree”. To achieve this, she devised a special mechanical sensor which recorded pulses resembling the intra-arterial pulse, as closely as possible. Recording was done with a mechanical oscillograph. Basically, she measured the time that the pulse travels from the left carotid, as a central artery, to the left dorsalis pedis, as the peripheral artery. The basic principle was, the flow of blood was slower (or the time in sec. longer) through arteries with more elastic walls but the same flow was faster through arteries with decreased elasticity. As mentioned, this method was novel, as the existing literature at that time measured this flow from the left carotid to the left femoral arteries. In her original researches, she limited her studies to subjects of average heights. When she started examining large populations of variable heights, she started to adjust the values for time of Pulse Wave Velocity for height. Her research started, obviously, with the establishment of normal values for different age groups and she found that among a significant group of individuals of the two sexes of average heights, the time of the pulse wave velocity decreased with age. She also did a project comparing subjects with normal and high blood cholesterol. Her interest in this field of Pulse Wave Velocity was further heightened during a Conference of Diseases of the aorta in Athens where she discussed with experts in the field. Consultations with a top expert of the world on the subject she was advised that her method was accurate and the results obtained reproducible as time is one that is measured and comparable with those of more sophisticated and expensive methods. Moreover, the arteries she records (left external carotid and left dorsalis) are superficial and easily located especially in obese individuals. The distance betweeen them is much longer so that the margin of error for statistical analysis is less. Her procedure is simple, fast and easy to perform without the need for gel for the electrodes. It is also inexpensive as printouts are done with ordinary A4 typewriting paper. The device is compact and portable so it is suitable for use in large populations in the field (epidemiologic studies and preventive cardiovascular programs) both in developed and developing countries. Later she revised her technique, replacing the original used mechanical device, with a computerized apparatus designed with her specifications by Dipl.-Ing Andreas Schönfeld and manufactured by the Standard Instruments GmbH in Karlsruhe, Germany. This is when she started giving lectures and demonstrations with her method and upgraded electronic apparatus. This method and technique has been patented in the United States, Europe, Greece, Germany, England and the Philippines. With this patented device, she conducted researches in different aspects of Pulse Wave Velocity. She established normal values for the device and method.

It is accepted in the medical literature that decreased arterial wall elasticity, as shown by abnormal Pulse Wave Velocity, is a high risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Loss of elasticity of the arterial wall is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction which is the initial change that triggers off a series of events leading to atherosclerosis and plaque formation. She has done researches to show that abnormal Pulse Wave Velocity using her method is associated with premenopause and menopause, positive family history of CVD (more risk if two parents are involved compared with one parent), obesity and even overweight so that the latter should be controlled (as overweight individuals can reduce weight more easily before they become definitely obese), both established and borderline hypertension, those on diet high in meat and meat products compared to those on the well known Mediterranean diet, subjects with visceral obesity shown by increased waist circumference, and in athletes with positive family history of cardiovascular disease.

The results of these research projects have been presented in reputable regional and international cardiovascular congresses after being peer reviewed. One of her oral presentations in the First International Congress of Pre Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome (Berlin, April 2005) was chosen to be placed in a medical website for doctors by the Laval University of Quebec. This oral presentation was the result of her research when she was invited to do a joint project with the faculty of the Department of Physiology, Northwestern University in Potchefstroom, South Africa in August 2004.

For her outstanding scientific achievements, she was given a grant of three months as a Returning Scientist to the Philippines by its Ministry of Science and Technology . Her Project further strengthened her findings – comparing Asian subjects with her previous Caucasian subjects. Her researches done on more than one thousand two hundred Filipino subjects living in rural areas showed abnormal Pulse Wave Velocity in hypertensive and subjects with borderline hypertension. She found a high incidence of individuals with positive family history of cardiovascular disease and who had abnormal PWV and also those with visceral obesity as shown by increased waist circumference and also those with increased BMI.

The officials of the Ministry were very impressed by the results of her work and especially these results have been accepted for presentation in reputable International Cardiovascular and Atherosclerosis Congresses. She has been invited to return to the Philippines to conduct a research program on members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police.

Aside from PWV, she is one of the first who reported the rarity of coronary artery disease among black natives of Central Africa and this research paper was presented in the `congreso Mundial de cardiologia´ in Sep.1-7, 1974 inBuenos Aires, Argentina. She also was a pioneer on silent myocardial ischaemia when she reported a case of a patient with normal ECG but with blockage of the three coronary arteries in the Panhellenic Cardiovascular Congress in 1974.

Recognitions

1. Awarded Patent by the Athens Patent Office after application was reviewed and approved in The Hague for her device and method for indirectly determining the elasticity of the arterial wall – Diploma Patent No. 1003147, 2 June 1999.

2. Patented method and device of Determining Arterial Wall Elasticity in United States. Patent No. US 6,537,226 B1, March 25, 2003.

3. Device patented in Europe - No. 1091686, May 21, 2003.

4. Device patented in Germany - No. 699-08-126-2-8.

5. Device patented in Great Britain (UK) - No. 1091686.

6. Patented method and device of Determining Arterial Wall Elasticity in Philippines. Patent No. 1-1997- 57523, September 19, 2006.

7. Recipient of the Alice Hamilton fellowship from the International Federation of University Women, based in USA. This was the first time that Greece won this particular award. At that time she was appointed as Acting Consultant at the Brompton Hospital, London.

8. Fellowship for “Study of the Transmission of the Pulse Wave in Normal and Hypercholesterolaemic Subjects” in the Philippine Veterans Memorial Hospital

9. Inducted into the Grand Ordre Des Medicins du Zaire in recognition of her invaluable services to the people of Zaire.

10. Conferred “Honoris causa” from the Greek Cardiological Society for outstanding accomplishments and contributions to Greek and International Cardiology.

11. Sponsored by the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development to patent her device and method for determining the time of the Pulse Wave Velocity, August 1997.

12. Peer Reviewer for articles submitted for publication to the Journal Of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2002 to present.

13. Reviewer at the South Africa’s National Research Foundation, 2007-2009

14. External Examiner for the School of Physiology and Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, 2007 until today

15. Grand Ordre des Medicins, Awarded by the Government of Zaire for outstanding services and contributions to the people of Zaire

16. Balik Scientist Award by the Department of Science and Technology of the Philippines, November 26, 2008 and 2011

17. Certificate of appreciation from Department of Science and Technology of the Philippines, presented by the Minister Estrella F. Alabastro, March 5, 2009

18. Second Certificate of appreciation from the Department of Science and Technology of the Philippines, in grateful acknowledgement and sincere appreciation for sharing her invaluable time, expertise and service under the Balik Scientist Program Short-Term Expert Category, presented by the Minister Estrella F. Alabastro, March 5, 2009

19.Professional Member, American Heart Association.
20.Board of the Professional Regulatory Committee granting the authority of practicing medicine

in the Philippines by issuing a special permit, April 23, 2010 and 2011.

21. Fellow, Royal Society of Medicine, London, 1961 to the present.

Presentations & Publications

1. 81st European Atherosclerosis Society Congress, Lyon, France, 2-5 June, 2013, “BMI Or Waist Circumference - Which Is The Most Reliable Marker For Predicting Cardiovascular Disease”.

2. 5th International Congress on Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome, Vienna, Austria, 18-20 April 2013, “Waist Circumference - A More Sensitive Marker Than BMI In Predicting Cardiovascular Disease”.

3. 3rd International Congress on Abdominal Obesity, Québec City, Québec, 9-12 July 2012, “Pulse Wave Velocity in Normal Non Diabetic Filipino Subjects with Positive Family History of Diabetes”.

4. 3rd International Congress on Abdominal Obesity, Québec City, Québec, 9-12 July 2012, “Waist Circumference - a More Sensitive Marker than BMI in Predicting Cardiovascular Disease”.

5. 80th European Atherosclerosis Society Congress, Milan, Italy, 25-28 May 2012, “Pulse Wave Velocity in Normal Non Diabetic Filipino Subjects with Positive Family History of Diabetes”.

6. 80th European Atherosclerosis Society Congress, Milan, Italy, 25-28 May 2012, “Waist Circumference - A More Sensitive Marker than BMI for Predicting Cardiovascular Disease”.

7. ISA2012 - XVI International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, Sydney, 25-29 March 2012, “Which is more sensitive as a marker for predicting cardiovascular disease - waist circumference or BMI”.

8. ISA2012 - XVI International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, Sydney, 25-29 March 2012, Oral Presentation “Pulse wave velocity in normal non diabetic Filipino subjects with positive family history of diabetes”.

9. 1st Philippine Association For Sport And Exercise Sciences Conference, University of the Philippines, Quezon, 22-24 March 2012, Guest Speaker “Arterial Stiffness, Disease and Exercise”.

10. The 2nd International Congress on Abdominal Obesity, Buenos Aires, Argentina, February 24-26, 2011, 144 Waist Circumference - a more sensitive marker than BMI in predicting Cardiovascular Disease

11. Aswan Heart Center, Science & Practice Series, 3-6 January, Cairo, Egypt, Pulse Wave Velocity - Determination as a tool for preventing cardiovascular disease in a rural filipino population.

12. 78th Congress of the European Society of Atherosclerosis, Hamburg, Germany, 20-23 June 2010, “Subclinical Atherosclerosis Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity in Overweight and Obese Rural Filipino Subjects”.

13. American Heart Association, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2010 Scientific Sessions, San Francisco, 8-10 April, “Endothelial Dysfunction Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity in Overweight and Obese Rural Filipino Subjects”.

14. International Congress on Coronary Artery Diseases, Prague, Czech Republic, 11-14 October 2009. « Endothelial Dysfunction Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity to Detect Severity of Hypertension in a Rural Filipino Population »

15. International Congress on Coronary Artery Diseases, Prague, Czech Repulblic, 11-14 October 2009, « Endothelial Dysfunction as Shown by Abnormal Pulse Wave Velocity Among Hyperetensive Belarusian Subjects ».

16. Triennial Congress of the International Society of Atherosclerosis, Boston, June 14, 2009, « Pulse Wave Velocity Determination as a Tool for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in a Rural Filipino Population. »

17. Guest Lecture: “Hypertension – a Major Problem in the Philippines – Residual Risks”, Guest Lecturer by invitation, Masters’ Class, Medical State University of Vitebsk, Belarus, 21-22 May 2009.

18. Presentation: “Pulse Wave Velocity Determination as a Tool for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in a Rural Filipino Population” Belarusian Hypertension Society, University of Vitebsk, Belarus, 21-22 May 2009.

19. Lecture-Demonstration, Intellectual Property Office, Manila, Philippines, “Pulse Wave Velocity Determination with the BPULS Device for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Rural and Urban Areas of the Philippines” 5 March 2009.

20. Guest Speaker, College of Human Kinetics, University of the Phillippines, February 25, 2009, “Residual Risks and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases.”

21. Guest Speaker, College of Chemistry” and Chemical Society of the Philippines, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines, February 27 2009, “Primary Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome”

22. Guest Speaker, Academic Convocation of the College of Nursing, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines, February 17, 2009, “Pulse Wave Velocity with a New Apparatus in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases.”

23. Guest Speaker, Philippine Department of Science and Technology “Total Wellness Program” 14 January 2009, “Primary Prevention and Residual Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases”

24. Journal of the European Atherosclerosis Society (Supplements), Vol. 9, Issue 1, May 2008, “Comparison of Arterial Wall Elasticity Between Two Ethnic Groups Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity.”

25. 77th Congress of the European Association of Atherosclerosis, Istanbul, Turkey, 26-29 April 2008, “Comparison of Arterial Wall Elasticity Between Two Ethnic Groups as Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity.”

26. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, Official Journal of the National Lipid Association, Vol.1, Number 5, October 2007, “Comparison of Arterial Wall Elasticity Between Two Ethnic Groups as Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity”.

27. Symposium on Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism, New York, October 4-7, 2007, “Comparison of Arterial Wall Elasticity Between Two Ethnic Groups Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity”.

28. Satellite Symposium of the European Atherosclerosis Society 76th Congress (Metabolic Syndrome), Turku, Finland, 8-9 June 2007, “Comparison of Arterial Wall Elasticity Between Two Ethnic Groups Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity”.

29. International Congress on Hypertension, University of Vitebsk, Belarus, 23-24 May 2007, “Comparison of Arterial Wall Elasticity Between Two Ethnic Groups Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity” (Oral Presentation)

30. International Congress on Hypertension, University of Vitebsk, Belarus, 23-24 May 2007, “Hypertension in Greece” (Oral Presentation).

31. 7th Symposium on Molecular Diabetology in Asia, Hong Kong, 10 t0 11 December 2005, “Endothelial Dysfunction as an Early Sign of Atherosclerosis in Viscerally Obese Females Diagnosed by Pulse Wave Velocity.”

32. Annual Congress of the Greek Cardiological Society, Athens, Greece, 3 to 5 November 2005, “New Method of Diagnosing Endothelial Dysfunction in Normal and Obese Greek Orthodox Nuns.”

33. EAS 2005 - The 75th European Atherosclerosis Society Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, 23 to 24 April 2005, “Pulse Wave Velocity and Body Mass Index in Greek Orthodox Nuns.”

34. International Congress of Hypertension, Dresden, Germany, 18 April 2005, “Obesity and Early Changes of Endothelial Dysfunction Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity in Female South African Caucasians.”

35. Invited Speaker of the aforementioned Presentation in the Website, CMEonDiabetes.com – a website built to transmit top level CME Conferences (slides with voice cover) given by international experts, 2005.

http://www.cmeondiabetes.com/pub/dr..helen.marcoyannopoulou.fojas.php

36. Oral Presentation in the 1st International Congress on “Prediabetes” and the Metabolic Syndrome, Berlin, 13 to 16 April 2005, “Obesity and Early Changes of Endothelial Dysfunction Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity in Female Caucasian South Africans”.

37. Congress of the European Society for Clinical Investigation, Athens, Greece, 6 to 9 April 2005. “Endothelial Dysfunction Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity in Obese Female Caucasian South Africans”.

38. The American Heart Association 2nd International Conference. Women – Heart Disease and Stroke, Orlando, Florida, 16 to 19 February 2005. “Arterial Wall Stiffness in Normal and Obese Female Caucasian South African Subjects Determined by Pulse Wave Velocity”.

39. Biology Prospective – Santorini Conference 2004, Santorini, Greece, 1-4 October 2004. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Normal Greek Subjects and Borderline Hypertensive Greeks with Strong Family History of Coronary Artery Disease”.

40. Third International Meeting of the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, May 21-23, 2004. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Individuals with One or Two Parents Afflicted With Coronary Artery Disease”.

41. Journal of Sports Sciences, January 6, 2004. “Screening of Greek Soccer Players With and Without Family History of Cardiovascular Disease for the Behavior of the Elasticity of the Arterial Wall”.

42. 5th Hong Kong Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors – East Meets West Symposium, Hong Kong, October 3-5, 2003. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Individuals with One or Two Parents Afflicted With Coronary Artery Disease”.

43. Journal of the European Atherosclerosis Society, Sept. to Oct. 2003, “A New Method of Determining Pulse Wave Velocity Among Individuals with One or Two Parents Afflicted with Coronary Artery Disease.”

44. XIIIth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, Kyoto, Japan, September 29 to October 2, 2003. “A New Method of Determining Pulse Wave Velocity Among Individuals with One or Two Parents Afflicted with Coronary Artery Disease”.

45. American Heart Association – Asia Pacific Scientific Forum – New Discoveries in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: Bench to Bedside to Community, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 8-10, 2003. “Arterial Wall Elasticity in Asymptomatic Greek Athletes With and Without Family History of Cardiovascular Disease”.

46. World Congress on Science and Football, Lisbon, 11-15 April, 2003, “Screening of Greek Soccer Players With and Without Family History of Cardiovascular Disease for the Behavior of the Elasticity of the Arterial Wall”

47. Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa, March 18, 2003. “Pulse Wave Velocity, a New Tool and Method for Epidemiological Studies”.

48. 13th Congress of the Southern African Hypertension Society, Johannesburg, March 7-9 2003. “Pulse Wave Velocity as an Early Indicator of Arteriosclerosis in Normal Menopausal Subjects”.

49. 13th Congress of the Southern African Hypertension Society, Johannesburg, March 7-9, 2003. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Individuals with One or Two Parents Afflicted with Coronary Artery Disease”.

50. 13th Congress of the South African Hypertension Society, Johannesburg, March 7-9, 2003. “Arterial Wall Elasticity in Clinically Asymptomatic Greek Athletes With and Without Family History of Cardiovascular Disease”.

51. 13th Congress of the Southern African Hypertension Society, Johannesburg, South Africa, March 7-9, 2003. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Normal Greek subjects and Borderline Hypertensive Greeks with Strong Family History of Coronary Artery Disease”.

52. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 40, No. 8, 2002, p/ A57. “Pulse Wave Velocity, an Early Indicator of Arteriosclerosis in Premenopause and Menopause”.

53. Biology Prospective – Santorini 2002, Santorini, Greece, “Decreased Arterial Wall Elasticity in Premenopause and Menopause as Shown by Increased Pulse Wave Velocity.”

54, Biology Prospective – Santorini 2002, Santorini, Greece. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Individuals with One or Two Parents with Coronary Artery Disease, a Comparative Study”.

55. European Society of Cardiology Congress 2002, Berlin, August 31 to Sept. 4, 2002. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Individuals with One or Two Parents with Coronary Artery Disease, a Comparative Study”.

56. European Heart Journal, Vol. 23, Aug.-Sept. 2002. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Individuals with One or Two Parents Afflicted with Coronary Artery Disease”.

57. 73rd Congress of the European Atherosclerosis Society, Salzburg, Austria, July 7-10, 2002. “Arterial Wall Elasticity Among Male and Female Non smokers and Smokers”.

58. 19th Scientific of the International Society of Hypertension and 12th European Meeting on Hypertension, Prague, Czech Republic, June 23-27, 2002. “Arterial Elasticity Among Male and Female Non smokers and Smokers”.

59. Journal of Hypertension, 2002, Vol. 20, Supplement, 4 June 2002, p. S191. “Arterial Wall Elasticity Among Male and Female Non-smokers and Smokers”.

60. 6th International Symposium on Global Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke, Florence, Italy, June 12 to 15, 2002. “Arterial Wall Elasticity Among Male and Female Non smokers and Smokers”.

61. Second International Meeting of the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging, New Orleans, Louisiana USA, May 31 to June 2, 2002. “Decreased Arterial Wall Elasticity in Premenopause and Menopause as Shown by Increased Pulse Wave Velocity”.

62. Second International Meeting of the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, May 31 to June 2, 2002. “Arterial Wall Elasticity among Male and Female Non smokers and Smokers”.

63. XIVth World Congress of Cardiology, Sydney, Australia, May 5-9, 2002. “Arterial Wall Elasticity Determined Indirectly by a Reproducible Method Among Male and Female Non smokers and Smokers”.

64. Asia Pacific Scientific Forum - American Heart Association, The Genomics Revolution: Bench to Bedside to Community and the 42nd annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease, epidemiology and Prevention, Honolulu, April 23-26, 2002. “Arterial Wall Elasticity Determined Indirectly by a Reproducible Method Among Male and Female Non smokers and Smokers”.

65. National Cardiovascular Health conference, Washington D.C., April 11-12, 2002. “Pulse Wave Velocity: an Early Indicator of Arteriosclerosis in Premenopause and Menopause”.

66. 7th International Symposium on Hypertension in the community, Limassol, Cyprus, December 7-10, 2001. “Pulse Wave Velocity as an Early Indicator of Arteriosclerosis in Premenopause and Menopause”.

67. 7th International Symposium on Hypertension in the Community, Limassol, Cyprus, December 7-10, 2001. “Comparison of Pulse Wave Velolcity in Normal Subjects and Borderline Hypertensives with Strong Family History of Coronary Artery Disease”.

68. The First World Health Federation Global conference on Cardiovascular Clinical Trials, Hong Kong, Nov. 21-23, 2001. “Pulse Wave Velocity, an Early Indicator of Arteriosclerosis in Premenopause and Menopause,”

69. International symposium on Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, Rome, Italy, October 4-6, 2001. “Decreased Arterial Elasticity in Premenopause and Menopause as Shown by Increased Pulse Wave Velocity”.

70. XIVth International Symposium on Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism, New York, September 9-12, 2001, “Pulse Wave Velocity, an Early Indicator of Arteriosclerosis in Premenopause and Menopause.”

71. The American Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 88, Issue 2, p. 77. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Normal Greek Subjects and Borderline Hypertensive Greeks with Strong History of Coronary Artery Disease”, August 2001.

72. First International Meeting of the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging, San Diego, California, 2-4 February 2001. “Pulse Wave Velocity in Normal Greek Subjects and Borderline Hypertensive Greeks with Strong Family History of Coronary Artery Disease”.

73. World Intellectual Property Organization, (WO/2000/013584), “Device for Determining the Elasticity of the Arterial Wall”

74. Staff of the Philippine Children’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines, June 1997. “Transmission of the Pulse Wave in Normal Subjects by Indirect Oscillography”.

75. Staff of the Cardiology Department, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines, June 1997. “Transmission of the Pulse Wave in Normal Subjects by Indirect Oscillography”.

76. 20th Biennial Congress of the Southern African Cardiac Society, October 6-9, 1996. “Study of the Pulse Wave Velocity in Normal Subjects by Indirect Oscillography”.

77. Paper presented in the 7th European Congress of Cardiology, Amsterdam, Holland, June 1976, “Peculiarities of Hypertension Among Urban Black Natives of Zaire (ex-Belgian Congo)”

78. Paper published in the Lancet 2(7975), pp. 46-47, July 1976, “Rarity of myocardial infarction in African hypertensive patients”.

79. Paper published in the American Heart Association Journal, Vol. 94, No. 3, pp. 388-390, September 1977, “Myocardial Infarction in the African Hypertensive Patient”.

80. Paper presented at the 3rd Pan-Hellenic Congress of Cardiology, Athens, Greece, October 1974 “Normal Electrocardiogram in a patient with Severe Triple Coronary Artery Disease”.

81. Paper presented on the International Congress of Cardiology in Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 1974, “Rarity of Coronary Artery Disease Among Black Natives in the Republic of Zaire (formerly Belgian Congo)”.

82. Lecture by invitation of the Ilocos Norte Medical Society, Philippines, “Hypertension and the Ocular Fundus”, 1966.

83. Lecture on “Pulse Wave Velocity”, General Staff Conference, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, 1964

Positions Held

1. Assistant Biochemist, Official appointment from the Council D’Etat, Republique et Canton de Geneva, –Professor P. Favargar, University of Geneva).

2. Clinical Assistant, Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Professor Pierre W. DUCHOSAL.

3. Clinical Research Assistant (full time), Department of Cardiology, University of Geneva, Professor Pierre W. DUCHOSAL.

4. Official Researcher, Narcotic Research Department, United Nations, Geneva.

5. House Officer, St. Richard’s Hospital, Chichister, Sussex, England.

6. Registrar Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Brompton Hospital, London, Dr. Paul Wood.

7. Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.

8. Consultant Cardiologist, Philippine Eye and Ear Infirmary, Manila, Philippines.

9. Consultant Cardiologist, Cardiology Clinic, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece. Concurrently Preceptor in Clinical Cardiology, Residency Training Program

10. Director, Cardiology Clinic, Hospital General Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Republique du Zaire, (A 1,500 bed General Hospital sponsored and funded by FOMECO – US Medical Aid to Zaire). Trained a Zairois cardiologist to take her place after her term of contract.

11. Lecturer of the Department of Cardiology State University, Manila, the Philippines.

12. Consultant Cardiologist, YGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece.

13. Consultant Cardiologist, “Operation Sight Saver”. (Charity Project in the Philippines for indigent patients in slum and rural areas.)

14. Consultant Cardiologist and Lecturer for Post Graduate Courses, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila.